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Chapter 20 - Molecular insights into anatomy and physiology

Bowhead whales are some of the largest animals that occupy the Arctic Circle. Despite the challenges of living and giving birth in icy waters, having huge blubber stores, eating a fat-rich diet, and undergoing arduous migrations, bowheads achieved…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Blubber, bowhead whale, Cooper LN, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, DNA, Gorbunova V, January 2021 List, journalArticle, lipid, longevity, molecular evolution, NEOEMD College of Medicine, The Bowhead Whale

Chapter 21 - Age estimation

In the late 1980s, annual carbon isotope cycles in the baleen plates of bowhead whales formed the basis of the first effective means of estimating bowhead age. However, the baleen aging method could only be used for aging subadult whales less than…

Tags: 2021, Age estimation, aspartic acid racemization, bowhead, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, Givens GH, January 2021 List, journalArticle, Lubetkin SC, NEOMED College of Medicine, ovarian corpora counts, Stable isotopes, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, tympanic bulla, Wetzel D, whaling artifacts, Zeh JE

Chapter 33 - Commercial whaling

The commercial hunt of the four stocks of bowhead whales by the nations of Europe and North America commenced in 1540 and came to an effective end at the start of World War I. At that time, all four stocks had been driven to near extinction. Whalers…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Basques, bowhead whale, Britain, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, Germany, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, The Bowhead Whale, The Netherlands, Thewissen JGM, United States, whaling, Yankee

Chapter 34 - Indigenous knowledge in research and management

Indigenous whalers know a great deal about the habits and environment of bowhead whales. That knowledge is essential for safe and effective hunting and has also been invaluable to scientific research and management of bowheads. Studies in Chukotka,…

Tags: 2021, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Ferguson SH, George JC, Huntington HP, Indigenous knowledge, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Noongwook G, Quakenbush L, scientific research, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, wildlife management

Chapter 39 - Past, present, and future

We discuss the evolution, phylogenetic relations to right whales, and geographical distribution of bowhead whales. We summarize its relations to humans, including whaling by indigenous and European whalers, conservation efforts, and modern challenges…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, conservation, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, History, International Whaling Commission, Inupiat, January 2021 List, journalArticle, life history, NEOMED College of Medicine, prehistoric, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, whaling

Chapter 7 - Life history, growth, and form

Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea bowhead whales are born at about 4.2m in length and 1000kg, in lead systems along the NW Alaskan coast. Bowheads in the other northern stocks are also born in ice-covered seas. Maximum body lengths (standard measure) can…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Breed GA, Brower Jr HK, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, growth and form, January 2021 List, journalArticle, life history, longevity, NEOMED College of Medicine, Person BT, Sformo TL, Suydam RS, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, Von Duyke A

Chapter 8 - Prenatal development

The prenatal development of bowhead whales is poorly known, and no complete ontogenetic series exist. However, the available embryos and fetuses elucidate aspects of the development of the species, as well as that of all of mysticetes in general, and…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Embryo, Fetus, George JC, gestation, heterochrony, Hillmann DJ, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Sheffield Gay, Stimmelmayr R, Suydam RS, Tarpley RJ, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM

Chapter 9 - Anatomy of skull and mandible

The skull of the bowhead whale is composed of all the bones commonly found in mammals, although the shape of these bones is far from ordinary. Features related to feeding dominate the skull: there are no teeth, and the rostrum is long and curved,…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Bones, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, Hillmann DJ, January 2021 List, journalArticle, Mandible, Nader PB, NEOMED College of Medicine, osteology, skull, Tarpley RJ, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, whale

Characterization of ex vivo-generated bovine and human cartilage by immunohistochemical, biochemical, and magnetic resonance imaging analyses.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent age-associated disease involving altered chondrocyte homeostasis and cartilage degeneration. The avascular nature of cartilage and the altered chondrocyte phenotype characteristic of OA severely limit the capacity…

Characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the uterine cervix over pregnancy: effects of denervation and implications for cervical ripening.

Bilateral neurectomy of the pelvic nerve (BLPN) that carries uterine cervix-related sensory nerves induces dystocia, and administration of its vasoactive neuropeptides induces changes in the cervical microvasculature, resembling those that occur in…

Tags: 2004, Animal/*metabolism, Animals, Cervical Ripening/*metabolism, Cervix Uteri/blood supply/innervation/*metabolism, Denervation, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Down-Regulation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Hattori Y, Immunohistochemistry, Jesmin S, Microcirculation, Mowa C N, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis, Papka R, Phosphorylation, Pregnancy, Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis/metabolism, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis, Rats, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sakuma I, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, Togashi H, Usip S, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis/*metabolism, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/biosynthesis, Wistar, Yoshioka M

Cholinergic and non-cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to the medial geniculate body in Guinea pigs.

The midbrain tegmentum is the source of cholinergic innervation of the thalamus and has been associated with arousal and control of the sleep/wake cycle. In general, the innervation arises bilaterally from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT)…

Tags: 2010, Acetylcholine, Arousal, Auditory, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Frontiers in neuroanatomy, GABA, glutamate, Motts Susan D, NEOMED College of Medicine, Schofield Brett R, sleep, thalamus

Cholinergic boutons are closely associated with excitatory cells and four subtypes of inhibitory cells in the inferior colliculus.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neuromodulator that has been implicated in multiple roles across the brain, including the central auditory system, where it sets neuronal excitability and gain and affects plasticity. In the cerebral cortex, subtypes of …

Tags: 2021, Acetylcholine, Beebe NL, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, journalArticle, July 2021 List, mouse, NEOMED College of Medicine, perineuronal net, Schofield BR, VGLUT2

Cholinergic cells in the tegmentum send branching projections to the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body.

The pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) provides cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus (IC) and the medial geniculate body (MG). PMT cells are often characterized as projecting to more than one target. The purpose of this study was to determine…

Tags: 2011, Acetylcholine/metabolism, Animals, Auditory Pathways/*cytology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Female, Geniculate Bodies/*cytology, Guinea Pigs, Immunohistochemistry, Inferior Colliculi/*cytology, Male, Motts S D, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neurons/*cytology/metabolism, Neuroscience, Schofield B R, Tegmentum Mesencephali/*cytology

Cholinergic cells of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum: connections with auditory structures from cochlear nucleus to cortex.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neuromodulator that is likely to play a role in plasticity as well as other phenomena at many sites in the auditory system. The auditory cortex receives cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain, whereas the cochlea…

Cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus contact excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the inferior colliculus

The inferior colliculus processes nearly all ascending auditory information. Most collicular cells respond to sound, and for a majority of these cells, the responses can be modulated by acetylcholine (ACh). The cholinergic effects are varied and, for…

Circuitry underlying spectrotemporal integration in the auditory midbrain.

Combination sensitivity in central auditory neurons is a form of spectrotemporal integration in which excitatory responses to sounds at one frequency are facilitated by sounds within a distinctly different frequency band. Combination-sensitive…

Tags: 2011, Acoustic Stimulation/*methods, Animals, Auditory Pathways/*physiology, Chiroptera, College of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Female, Male, Mesencephalon/*physiology, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nerve Net/*physiology, Schofield Brett R, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Time Factors, Wenstrup Jeffrey J, Yavuzoglu Asuman

Coding the meaning of sounds: contextual modulation of auditory responses in the basolateral amygdala.

Female mice emit a low-frequency harmonic (LFH) call in association with distinct behavioral contexts: mating and physical threat or pain. Here we report the results of acoustic, behavioral, and neurophysiological studies of the contextual analysis…

Combination-sensitive neurons in the inferior colliculus.

We examined whether neurons in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) are combination sensitive, responding to both low- and high-frequency components of the bat's sonar signal. These neurons, previously reported in the…

Tags: 1995, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Auditory Cortex/metabolism, Chiroptera, College of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Doppler, Hearing research, Inferior Colliculi/*cytology/metabolism, Mittmann D H, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neurons/cytology/*physiology, Sound Localization, Transcranial, Ultrasonography, Wenstrup J J

Comparative dental anatomy in newborn primates: Cusp mineralization

Previous descriptive work on deciduous dentition of primates has focused disproportionately on great apes and humans. To address this bias in the literature, we studied 131 subadult nonhominoid specimens (including 110 newborns) describing deciduous…

Comparative metabolomics of aging in a long-lived bat: Insights into the physiology of extreme longevity.

Vespertilionid bats (Mammalia: Order Chiroptera) live 3-10 times longer than other mammals of an equivalent body size. At present, nothing is known of how bat fecal metabolic profiles shift with age in any taxa. This study established the feasibility…

Tags: *Metabolomics, 2018, Aliani Michel, Animals, Ball Hope C, Chiroptera/*physiology, Cooper Lisa Noelle, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Feces/*chemistry, Levari-Shariati Shiva, Longevity/*physiology, NEOMED College of Medicine, PloS one

Conductive hearing loss during development does not appreciably alter the sharpness of cochlear tuning.

An increasing number of studies show that listeners often have difficulty hearing in situations with background noise, despite normal tuning curves in quiet. One potential source of this difficulty could be sensorineural changes in the auditory …

Tags: 2021, Auditory Pathways, conductive hearing loss, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Hair Cells, Ihlefeld A, journalArticle, March 2021 List, NEOMED College of Medicine, NEOMED Postdoc Publications, Rosen MJ, Scientific reports, SENSORINEURAL hearing loss, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Ye Y

Contextual Modulation of Vocal Behavior in Mouse: Newly Identified 12 kHz "Mid-Frequency" Vocalization Emitted during Restraint.

While several studies have investigated mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by isolated pups or by males in mating contexts, studies of behavioral contexts other than mating and vocalization categories other than USVs have been limited. By…

Tags: 2016, Bhattal Jyoti, College of Anatomy & Neurobiology, context, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, Grimsley Calum A, Grimsley Jasmine M S, isolation, Jasnow Aaron, Latsko Maeson, mouse, NEOMED College of Medicine, Restraint, Sheth Saloni, Stress, Vallabh Neil, Vocalization, Wenstrup Jeffrey J

Contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors to temporal patterning of auditory responses in the inferior colliculus.

Although NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are associated with synaptic plasticity, they form an essential part of responses to sensory stimuli. We compared contributions of glutamatergic NMDARs and AMPA receptors (AMPARs) to auditory responses in the inferior…

Control of a depolarizing GABAergic input in an auditory coincidence detection circuit.

Neurons in the chicken nucleus laminaris (NL), the third-order auditory neurons that detect the interaural time differences that enable animals to localize sounds in the horizontal plane, receive glutamatergic excitation from the cochlear nucleus…

Cranial synchondroses of primates at birth.

Cranial synchondroses are cartilaginous joints between basicranial bones or between basicranial bones and septal cartilage, and have been implicated as having a potential active role in determining craniofacial form. However, few studies have…

Dataset of effect of Wogonin, a natural flavonoid, on the viability and activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs in IL-1beta-stimulated human OA chondrocytes.

This article contains data related to the article "Wogonin, a plant derived small molecule exerts potent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects through activation of ROS/ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathways in human Osteoarthritis chondrocytes" (Khan…

Tags: 2017, Ansari Mohammad Y, Data in brief, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Devarapalli Pratap, Haqqi Tariq M, Haseeb Abdul, Haynie Sara, Khan Nazir M, MAPK, Mass-spectrometry, NEOMED College of Medicine, NF-kappaB, Nrf2, Osteoarthritis, Wogonin

Deep sequencing and analyses of miRNAs, isomiRs and miRNA induced silencing complex (miRISC)-associated miRNome in primary human chondrocytes.

MicroRNAs, a group of small, noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, play important roles in chondrocyte function and in the development of osteoarthritis. We characterized the dynamic repertoire of the chondrocyte…

Tags: 2017, Ahmad Imran, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Haqqi Tariq M, Haseeb Abdul, Khan Nazir M, Makki Mohammad Shahidul, NEOMED College of Medicine, Scientific reports

Delay-tuned neurons in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat: implications for analyses of target distance.

We examined response properties of delay-tuned neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of the mustached bat. In the mustached bat, delay-tuned neurons respond best to the combination of the first-harmonic, frequency-modulated…

Tags: 1999, Animal/physiology, Animals, Chiroptera/*physiology, College of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Echolocation/*physiology, Inferior Colliculi/cytology/*physiology, Journal of neurophysiology, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neural Inhibition/physiology, Neurons/*physiology, Portfors C V, Reaction Time/physiology, Vocalization, Wenstrup J J

Dental microwear in laboratory primates: Insights into the complexity of dental microwear formation

Dental microwear analysis has been employed in studies of a wide range of modern and fossil animals, yielding many insights into the biology/ecology of those taxa. Paleoanthropological studies have produced both expected and unexpected results (e.g.,…

Tags: 2019, 88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019), American journal of physical anthropology, Anthropology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Evolutionary Biology, Journal Article, Laird M F, NEOMED College of Medicine, Ross C F, Taylor A B, Teaford M F, Ungar P S, Vinyard C J

Descending projections from auditory cortex to excitatory and inhibitory cells in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus.

Descending projections from the auditory cortex (AC) terminate in subcortical auditory centers from the medial geniculate nucleus (MG) to the cochlear nucleus, allowing the AC to modulate the processing of acoustic information at many levels of the…

Tags: 2014, ascending, Bickford Martha E, corticofugal, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Frontiers in systems neuroscience, GABA, medial geniculate nucleus, Mellott Jeffrey G, modulation, NEOMED College of Medicine, Schofield Brett R

Detection of single mRNAs in individual cells of the auditory system.

Gene expression analysis is essential for understanding the rich repertoire of cellular functions. With the development of sensitive molecular tools such as single-cell RNA sequencing, extensive gene expression data can be obtained and analyzed from…

Development and evolution of the unique cetacean dentition.

The evolutionary success of mammals is rooted in their high metabolic rate. A high metabolic rate is sustainable thanks to efficient food processing and that in turn is facilitated by precise occlusion of the teeth and the acquisition of rhythmic…

Tags: 2013, Armfield Brooke A, Bajpai Sunil, Cetacea, Cetacean, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Evo-devo, NEOMED College of Medicine, Paleontology, PeerJ, Teeth, Thewissen J G M, Vinyard Christopher J, Zheng Zhengui

Development of Feeding and Airway Protection in Preterm Infant Mammals as a Model of Altricial Evolution

12th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, held July 21 – 25, 2019 in Prague, Czech Republic
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During the land‐to‐water transition in the Eocene, the cetacean skeleton underwent modifications that are well‐documented in the fossil…

Tags: 2019, Anatomy & Morphology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, German R Z, Gould F H, Journal of morphology, June 2019 Update, Mayerl C J, McGrattan K E, NEOMED College of Medicine

Development of GPCR modulation of GABAergic transmission in chicken nucleus laminaris neurons.

Neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL) of birds act as coincidence detectors and encode interaural time difference to localize the sound source in the azimuth plane. GABAergic transmission in a number of CNS nuclei including the NL is subject to a…

Tags: *Synaptic Transmission, 2012, Animals, Brain/*cytology, Chickens/*metabolism, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism, GABA-A/metabolism, GABA-B/metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism, Lu Yong, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neurons/*metabolism, Patch-Clamp Techniques, PloS one, Receptors, Synapses/metabolism, Tang Zheng-Quan

Development of perception and perceptual learning for multi-timescale filtered speech.

The perception of temporally changing auditory signals has a gradual developmental trajectory. Speech is a time-varying signal, and slow changes in speech (filtered at 0-4 Hz) are preferentially processed by the right hemisphere, while the left…

Tags: 2018, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Huyck Julia Jones, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rosen Merri J, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Development of social vocalizations in mice.

Adult mice are highly vocal animals, with both males and females vocalizing in same sex and cross sex social encounters. Mouse pups are also highly vocal, producing isolation vocalizations when they are cold or removed from the nest. This study…

Development of the skull of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata).

We describe the bony and cartilaginous structures of five fetal skulls of Stenella attenuata (pantropical spotted dolphin) specimens. The specimens represent early fetal life as suggested by the presence of rostral tactile hairs and the beginnings of…

Tags: 2011, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Ear, Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology/growth & development, Middle/anatomy & histology/growth & development, Moran Meghan M, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nummela Sirpa, Skull/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development, Stenella/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development, Thewissen J G M

Development of tinnitus in CBA/CaJ mice following sound exposure.

Tinnitus, the perception of a sound without an external acoustic source, is a complex perceptual phenomenon affecting the quality of life in 17% of the adult population. Despite its ubiquity and morbidity, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is a work in…

Tags: 2011, Animals, Auditory, Brain Stem, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Evoked Potentials, Galazyuk Alexander V, Inbred CBA, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, Longenecker Ryan J, Mice, NEOMED College of Medicine, Noise/*adverse effects, Reflex, Startle, Tinnitus/*etiology/physiopathology

Developmental basis for hind-limb loss in dolphins and origin of the cetacean bodyplan.

Among mammals, modern cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are unusual in the absence of hind limbs. However, cetacean embryos do initiate hind-limb bud development. In dolphins, the bud arrests and degenerates around the fifth gestational…

Tags: *Body Patterning, 2006, Animals, Bajpai S, Cell Polarity, Cohn M J, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Developmental, Dolphins/*embryology/genetics/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Heyning J, Hindlimb/cytology/*embryology/metabolism, Horton W E Jr, Limb Buds/cytology/embryology/metabolism, NEOMED College of Medicine, Phylogeny, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Stevens L S, Thewissen J G M

Developmental hearing loss impairs signal detection in noise: putative central mechanisms.

Listeners with hearing loss have difficulty processing sounds in noisy environments. This is most noticeable for speech perception, but is reflected in a basic auditory processing task: detecting a tonal signal in a noise background, i.e.,…

Tags: 2014, auditory cortex, conductive hearing loss, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Electrophysiology, Frontiers in systems neuroscience, Galazyuk Alexander V, Gay Jennifer D, gerbil, intracellular, masking, NEOMED College of Medicine, Noise, Rosen Merri J, signal detection, Voytenko Sergiy V

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