Browse Items · NEOMED Bibliography Database

Timing of sound-evoked potentials and spike responses in the inferior colliculus of awake bats.

Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), one of the major integrative centers of the auditory system, process acoustic information converging from almost all nuclei of the auditory brain stem. During this integration, excitatory and inhibitory inputs…

mGluRs modulate neuronal firing in the auditory midbrain.

The mechanisms underlying sound-evoked suppression of neuronal firing in the auditory system are poorly understood. To explore these mechanisms in the inferior colliculus (IC), agonists and antagonists targeting different groups of metabotropic…

Changes in instrumentally and classically conditioned limb-flexion responses following inferior olivary lesions and olivocerebellar tractotomy in the cat.

Lesions were placed in various parts of the inferior olivary nucleus and olivocerebellar tract in an attempt to define further the role of the inferior olive in the performance of a conditioned limb-flexion response (LFR) in cats. Thirty-two cats…

The effect of brachium conjunctivum transection on a conditioned limb response in the cat.

Seven cats were trained to perform a forelimb conditioned response to a paired tone conditioned stimulus (CS)/shock unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Brachium conjunctivum section ipsilateral to the trained limb was carried out following criterion…

Tags: *Conditioning (Psychology), 2000, Animals, Behavioural brain research, Cats, Cerebellar Nuclei/physiology, Cerebellum/injuries/pathology/*physiology, Memory/*physiology, Nerve Net/injuries/*physiology, Voneida T J

The effect of rubrospinal tractotomy on a conditioned limb response in the cat.

Five cats were trained to perform a forelimb conditioned response to a paired tone CS/shock UCS. Rubrospinal tract section ipsilateral to the trained limb was carried out following criterion CR performance. Lesion sites were identified histologically…

Tags: 1999, Animal/physiology, Animals, Behavior, Behavioural brain research, Cats, Conditioning, Forelimb/innervation/*physiology, Functional Laterality/physiology, Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology, Operant/*physiology, Red Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Stereotaxic Techniques, Voneida T J

Jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing in Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).

We examined masseter and temporalis recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in five male Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing, the working-side masseters tend to show almost three times more…

Tags: 2005, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Hylander William L, Johnson Kirk R, Mastication/*physiology, Masticatory Muscles/*physiology, Models, Muscle Contraction/*physiology, Phylogeny, Time Factors, Tupaia/*physiology, Vinyard Christopher J, Wall Christine E, Williams Susan H

A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor patterns and mandibular morphology across mammals.

The establishment of a publicly-accessible repository of physiological data on feeding in mammals, the Feeding Experiments End-user Database (FEED), along with improvements in reconstruction of mammalian phylogeny, significantly improves our ability…

Tags: *Mastication, 2011, Animals, Biological Evolution, Bite Force, Crompton Alfred W, Doherty Alison H, Electromyography, Feeding Behavior/physiology, Hylander William L, Integrative and comparative biology, Jaw/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology, Masseter Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Phylogeny, Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Vinyard Christopher J, Wall Christine E, Williams Susan H

Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).

We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show, on average, 1.7…

Tags: 2006, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Bite Force, Electromyography/methods, Female, Hylander William L, Johnson Kirk R, Lemur/*physiology, Male, Masseter Muscle/*physiology, Mastication/*physiology, Neurophysiological/physiology, Recruitment, Vinyard Christopher J, Wall Christine E, Williams Susan H

Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus of New World monkeys.

New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus, particularly morphometric…

Tags: 2011, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Biological Evolution, Eating/physiology, Feeding Behavior/*physiology, Glander Kenneth E, Jaw/anatomy & histology/physiology, Mandible/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Mastication/*physiology, Platyrrhini/anatomy & histology/*physiology, Ravosa Matthew J, Rossie James B, Ryan Timothy M, Taylor Andrea B, Teaford Mark F, Vinyard Christopher J, Williams Susan H

A preliminary analysis of the relationship between jaw-muscle architecture and jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing across primates.

The architectural arrangement of the fibers within a muscle has a significant impact on how a muscle functions. Recent work on primate jaw-muscle architecture demonstrates significant associations with dietary variation and feeding behaviors. In this…

Tags: *Mastication, 2010, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Electromyography, Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Masseter Muscle/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Primates/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Taylor Andrea B, Temporal Muscle/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Vinyard Christopher J

New technique for studying reaction forces during primate behaviors on vertical substrates.

Recording reaction forces from primates during behaviors on vertical substrates, such as leaping, climbing, or biting trees, typically requires the design and construction of customized recording devices or mounting commercially available force…

Tags: 2004, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biophysics/instrumentation, Ergometry/*instrumentation/*methods, Motor Activity/*physiology, Primates/*physiology, Schmitt Daniel, Vinyard Christopher J

Molar scaling in strepsirrhine primates.

We examined how maxillary molar dimensions change with body and skull size estimates among 54 species of living and subfossil strepsirrhine primates. Strepsirrhine maxillary molar areas tend to scale with negative allometry, or possibly isometry,…

Tags: 2005, Animals, Anthropometry/methods, Basal Metabolism/physiology, Body Size, Diet, Hanna Jandy, Journal of human evolution, Molar/*anatomy & histology, Paleodontology, Regression Analysis, Skull/anatomy & histology, Strepsirhini/*anatomy & histology, Vinyard Christopher J

Interspecific analysis of covariance structure in the masticatory apparatus of galagos.

The primate masticatory apparatus (MA) is a functionally integrated set of features, each of which performs important functions in biting, ingestive, and chewing behaviors. A comparison of morphological covariance structure among species for these MA…

Tags: 2007, American journal of primatology, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Size, Diet, Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Lorisidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Mastication/physiology, Multivariate Analysis, Phylogeny, Vinyard Christopher J

Identification of Novel Agents for the Treatment of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Brain cancer from metastasized breast cancer has a high mortality rate in women. The treatment of lesions is hampered in large part by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents adequate distribution of anti-cancer compounds to brain…

The isolation and characterization of the soluble and membrane-bound porcine cytochrome b5 cDNAs.

In some male pigs, there is an increased production of the testicular 16 androstene steroids which end up being concentrated in fatty tissue. When the meat is cooked, a disagreeable odor/flavor is produced, a phenomenon known as "boar taint." All…

Tags: 1997, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Blotting, Complementary/blood/*chemistry/*isolation & purification, Cytochromes b5/blood/*chemistry/genetics/*isolation & purification, DNA, Male, Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*isolation & purification, Molecular Sequence Data, Solubility, Southern, Steggles A W, Swine, Testis/enzymology, VanDerMark P K

Novel multifunctional anti-Alzheimer drugs with various CNS neurotransmitter targets and neuroprotective moieties.

Traditionally, drug design programs are focused on optimizing the specificity of lead compounds against a carefully selected drug target. Disappointingly, this approach to discover a "magic bullet" drug has not met with the expected success for CNS…

Polycyclic compounds: ideal drug scaffolds for the design of multiple mechanism drugs?

Recently there has been a resurging interest in developing multi-functional drugs to treat diseases with complex pathological mechanisms. Such drug molecules simultaneously target multiple etiologies that have been found to be important modulators in…

Tags: *Drug Design, 2009, Adamantane/chemistry/pharmacology, Animals, Central Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy, Geldenhuys Werner J, Humans, Molecular Structure, Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use, Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Polycyclic Compounds/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Psychotropic Drugs/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Van der Schyf Cornelis J

Multimodal drugs and their future for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

This chapter discusses the rationale for developing multimodal or multifunctional drugs (also called designed multiple ligands or DMLs) aimed at disease-modifying treatment strategies for the most common neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's and…

Tags: 2011, Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/*enzymology/prevention & control, Animals, Combined Modality Therapy/*methods, Forecasting, Geldenhuys Werner J, Humans, International review of neurobiology, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use, Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/*enzymology/prevention & control, Van der Schyf Cornelis J

Ontogenesis of the depressant activity of carbachol on synaptic activity in rat visual cortex.

We studied the ontogeny of muscarinic depression in the developing rat visual cortex using carbachol (a nonhydrolyzable cholinergic agonist) application to neocortical slices obtained from four postnatal age groups: 9-10 days, 15 days,

Tags: 1991, Animals, Brain research bulletin, Carbachol/*pharmacology, Muscarinic/drug effects/metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Synapses/drug effects/*physiology, Teyler T J, Vaknin G, Visual Cortex/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology

A method for calculating current source density (CSD) analysis without resorting to recording sites outside the sampling volume.

This article is part of a study on cortical microcircuitry in which flash evoked potentials (FEPs) were recorded from the anesthetized rat visual cortex. The FEPs were subjected to current source density analysis (CSD). One of the limitations of the…

Tags: 1988, Action Potentials, Animals, DiScenna P G, Electric Stimulation, Journal of neuroscience methods, Models, Neurological, Neurophysiology/*methods, Photic Stimulation, Teyler T J, Vaknin G, Visual Cortex/*physiology

Expression of isotocin-neurophysin mRNA in developing zebrafish.

Neurohypophysial peptides are important regulators of homeostasis, reproduction and behavior. We have sequenced a zebrafish cDNA representing isotocin-neurophysin (IT-NP) mRNA. The developmental expression pattern of zebrafish IT-NP mRNA was…

Tags: 2003, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Gene expression patterns : GEP, Glasgow Eric, Messenger/*metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Neurophysins/biosynthesis/*genetics, Oxytocin/*analogs & derivatives/biosynthesis/*genetics, Phylogeny, RNA, Unger Jennifer L, Zebrafish/*embryology

The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner is required for thiazolidinedione effects in leptin-deficient mice.

BACKGROUND: Small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) is involved in diverse metabolic pathways, including hepatic bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and has been implicated in effects on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma…

Similarities Between Large Animal-Related and Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Injuries.

OBJECTIVE: Many Americans sustain large animal-related injuries (LARIs) from blunt trauma. We compare the injuries and management of LARI in our region of the United States with those of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). METHODS: A 15-year retrospective…

Reexamination of amphotropic murine leukemia virus neurovirulence: neural stem cell-mediated microglial infection fails to induce acute neurodegeneration.

The 4070A amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) has been variably reported to harbor neurovirulence determinants within its env gene. In this report we reexamined this issue by applying two approaches previously demonstrated to amplify murine…

G protein coupling profile of mGluR6 and expression of G alpha proteins in retinal ON bipolar cells.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) is a group III, pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein coupled mGluR that plays a specialized role in the retina. Retinal ON bipolar cells, which receive direct glutamatergic input from photoreceptor…

TRPV4 channels regulate tumor angiogenesis via modulation of Rho/Rho kinase pathway.

Targeting angiogenesis is considered a promising therapy for cancer. Besides curtailing soluble factor mediated tumor angiogenesis, understanding the unexplored regulation of angiogenesis by mechanical cues may lead to the identification of novel…

Black currant anthocyanins abrogate oxidative stress through Nrf2- mediated antioxidant mechanisms in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), considered to be one of the most lethal cancers with almost \textgreater 1 million deaths reported annually worldwide, remains a devastating disease with no known effective cure. Hence, chemopreventive strategies come…

Tags: *Phytotherapy, 2012, Alkylating Agents/toxicity, Animals, Anthocyanins/*therapeutic use, Antioxidants/therapeutic use, Barnes Kendra F, Bhatia Deepak, Bishayee Anupam, Blotting, Carcinoma, Current cancer drug targets, Darvesh Altaf S, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diet, Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity, Experimental/chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention & control, Glutathione Transferase, Haznagy-Radnai Erzsebet, Hepatocellular/chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention & control, Hohmann Judit, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Messenger/genetics, NEOMED College of Pharmacy, NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics/*metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics/metabolism, Oxidative Stress/*drug effects, Rats, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ribes/*chemistry, RNA, Signal Transduction, Sprague-Dawley, Thoppil Roslin J, Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism, Western

TRPV4 channel activation selectively inhibits tumor endothelial cell proliferation.

Endothelial cell proliferation is a critical event during angiogenesis, regulated by both soluble factors and mechanical forces. Although the proliferation of tumor cells is studied extensively, little is known about the proliferation of tumor…

An assessment of skin temperature gradients in a tropical primate using infrared thermography and subcutaneous implants.

Infrared thermography has become a useful tool to assess surface temperatures of animals for thermoregulatory research. However, surface temperatures are an endpoint along the body's core-shell temperature gradient. Skin and fur are the peripheral…

Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory function in both a tropical (Alouatta palliata) and seasonally cold-habitat (Macaca fuscata) primate.

Thyroid hormones boost animals' basal metabolic rate and represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at high latitudes and…

Do Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Use Scent to Communicate Information about Food Resources?

Many animals use olfactory cues to signal information about food resources; however, this particular use of scent has received little attention in primates. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are exudativores that gouge bark to elicit exudate…

A TRP to cardiac fibroblast differentiation.

The differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is one of the key events during cardiac remodeling, however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well known. Calcium signaling plays an important role in the regulation…

A bouquet for a broken heart: can flowers repair a damaged heart?

Tags: 2015, angiogenesis, Animals, Circulation research, Coronary Vessels, Coronary Vessels/*physiopathology, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Editorials, endocardium, Endocardium/*physiopathology, endothelial cells, Endothelium, myocardial infarction, Myocardial Infarction/*physiopathology, NEOMED College of Medicine, Thodeti Charles K, Vascular/*physiopathology

Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls.

Modern members of the mammalian order Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are obligate aquatic swimmers that are highly distinctive in morphology, lacking hair and hind limbs, and having flippers, flukes, and a streamlined body. Eocene fossils…

Tags: *Biological Evolution, *Fossils, 2001, Animals, Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology, Cetacea/anatomy & histology/*classification, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Hussain S T, Nature, NEOMED College of Medicine, Phylogeny, Roe L J, Skeleton, Thewissen J G, Whales/anatomy & histology/*classification, Williams E M

Ankle morphology of the earliest Cetaceans and its implications for the phylogenetic relations among ungulates.

Recent molecular studies are inconsistent with ungulate phylogenetic trees that are based on morphological traits. These inconsistencies especially relate to the position of cetaceans and perissodactyls. Evaluation of the close phylogenetic ties…

Tags: *Phylogeny, 1999, Animals, Cetacea/*anatomy & histology/classification, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Hindlimb/anatomy & histology, Joints/*anatomy & histology, Madar S I, NEOMED College of Medicine, Ruminants/*anatomy & histology/classification, Systematic biology, Thewissen J G

New Kohatius (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Pakistan.

Tags: *Primates, 1997, Animals, Arif M, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Hussain S T, Journal of human evolution, NEOMED College of Medicine, Pakistan, Thewissen J G, Tooth/*ultrastructure

Evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale.

In utero, baleen whales initiate the development of several dozens of teeth in upper and lower jaws. These tooth germs reach the bell stage and are sometimes mineralized, but toward the end of prenatal life they are resorbed and no trace remains…

Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India.

Although the first ten million years of whale evolution are documented by a remarkable series of fossil skeletons, the link to the ancestor of cetaceans has been missing. It was known that whales are related to even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), but…

Developmental basis for hind-limb loss in dolphins and origin of the cetacean bodyplan.

Among mammals, modern cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are unusual in the absence of hind limbs. However, cetacean embryos do initiate hind-limb bud development. In dolphins, the bud arrests and degenerates around the fifth gestational…

Tags: *Body Patterning, 2006, Animals, Bajpai S, Cell Polarity, Cohn M J, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Developmental, Dolphins/*embryology/genetics/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Heyning J, Hindlimb/cytology/*embryology/metabolism, Horton W E Jr, Limb Buds/cytology/embryology/metabolism, NEOMED College of Medicine, Phylogeny, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Stevens L S, Thewissen J G M

The development of long-term potentiation in hippocampus and neocortex.

The development of long-term potentiation (LTP), an enduring alteration in synaptic efficacy following afferent activation, was examined in CA1 hippocampus and primary visual cortex of rat. Both regions show little LTP prior to postnatal day 5,…

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