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Estrogen reduces acute striatal dopamine responses in vivo to the neurotoxin MPP+ in female, but not male rats.

The effects of in vivo estrogen treatment upon MPP(+)-induced dopamine (DA) release were determined using in vivo microdialysis in female and male rats. Ovariectomized female rats were implanted or not with an estrogen pellet (0.1 mg, 17beta…

Estrogen as a neuromodulator of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity: effects upon striatal dopamine release.

The effects of estrogen upon MPTP-induced neurotoxicity were examined using in vitro superfusion. In Experiment 1, striatal tissue from ovariectomized rats was infused with MPP+ (10 microM), a combination of MPP+ and 17beta-estradiol (300 nM), the…

Tags: *MPTP Poisoning, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity, 1997, Animals, Brain research, Disshon K A, Dluzen D E, Dopamine Agents/*toxicity, Dopamine/*metabolism, Estradiol/pharmacology, Estrogens/*physiology, Female, Neostriatum/drug effects/*metabolism, Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology, Ovariectomy, Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Castration reduces olfactory bulb norepinephrine transporter function as indicated by responses to noradrenergic uptake blockers.

It has been demonstrated that castration alters the functioning of the olfactory bulb (OB)-norepinephrine (NE) system. In the present experiment, we examined one of the mechanisms by which castration modulates the OB-NE system by comparing NE uptake…

Use of in vitro superfusion to assess the dynamics of striatal dopamine clearance: influence of estrogen.

To determine the feasibility of assessing dopamine uptake using in vitro superfusion, striatal tissue from ovariectomized female rats was infused with dopamine (1 microM), nomifensine (1 mM), or a combination of dopamine and nomifensine. Treatment…

Tags: 1999, Animals, Brain research, Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*physiology, Disshon K A, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism/pharmacology, Estradiol/*pharmacology, Female, Kinetics, Nomifensine/*pharmacology, Ovariectomy, Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Olanzapine attenuates the reinforcing effects of cocaine.

The possibility that the atypical neuroleptic olanzapine can antagonize the ability of cocaine to produce both conditioned place preference and self-administration in rats was investigated. Pre-treatment with olanzapine (3.0, 4.5 mg/kg, but not 1.5…

The effects of nicotine on dopamine and DOPAC output from rat striatal tissue.

The effects of varying doses of nicotine infusion upon spontaneous (basal) and subsequent potassium chloride-stimulated dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) output from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments of male rats were…

Tags: 1998, 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/*metabolism, Amphetamine/pharmacology, Anderson L I, Animals, Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology, Corpus Striatum/*drug effects/*metabolism, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, European journal of pharmacology, Ganglionic Stimulants/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Potassium Chloride/pharmacology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Discrete versus cumulative dosing in dose-response discrimination studies.

This study describes the results of a 'side-by-side' comparison of two measurement techniques and two dosing regimens in a discrimination study using rats trained to either 10 mg/kg cocaine or 2 mg/kg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The…

Tags: 1997, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology, Animals, Chemical, Cocaine/*pharmacology, Discrimination Learning/*drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Evaluation, European journal of pharmacology, Male, N-Methyl-3, Preclinical, Rats, Schechter M D, Sprague-Dawley, Stimulation

Sex differences in extracellular and intracellular calcium-mediated vascular reactivity to vasopressin in rat aorta.

In rat thoracic aorta, contractile responses to arginine vasopressin are two-fold higher in females than in males. To determine the roles of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ in this sexual dimorphism in vascular function, vascular reactivity and…

Phentermine+fenfluramine produce cocaine-like discriminative cues.

Drug discrimination studies were conducted in six male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate the interoceptive cues produced by 10 mg/kg cocaine in an effort to investigate if there is stimulus generalization to phentermine or phentermine +…

Tags: *Discrimination (Psychology), 1996, Animals, Cocaine/*pharmacology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fenfluramine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Life sciences, Male, McBurney D, NEOMED College of Medicine, Phentermine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Rats, Schechter M D, Sprague-Dawley

Serotonergic mediation of fenfluramine discriminative stimuli in fawn-hooded rats.

Fenfluramine, a drug that induces increased synaptic serotonin, was used to train Fawn-Hooded rats in a drug discrimination paradigm. This strain of rats is thought to possess a genetic serotonin storage abnormality. The intent of the study was to…

Daily exercise reduces fat, protein and body mass in male but not female rats.

This study was designed to compare the estimated energy balance, linear growth (body and bone lengths) and body composition (all components including body mass, total body water, fat, protein and ash) response to daily spontaneous running (DSR) in…

Rohypnol ("roofies") control of drug discrimination: effect of coadministered ethanol or flumenazil.

The benzodiazepine flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) was employed to control differentially discriminative performance in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats on a food-motivated FR10 schedule. The training dose was 2.5 mg/kg, and 20 min was employed between…

Tags: 1998, Animals, Anti-Anxiety Agents/*pharmacology, Discrimination Learning/*drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Ethanol/*pharmacology, Flumazenil/*pharmacology, Flunitrazepam/*pharmacology, GABA Antagonists/*pharmacology, Male, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Rats, Schechter M D, Sprague-Dawley

MDMA-like stimulus effects of hallucinogens in male Fawn-Hooded rats.

A two-lever, food-motivated, operant technique was employed to train the purportedly serotonergically dysfunctional Fawn-Hooded (FH) rat to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg MDMA. Once all 10 male subjects learned the MDMA-vehicle discrimination at criterion…

Strain differences in neuropathic hyperalgesia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate strain-related differences in the onset and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia following the induction of peripheral nerve injury in two inbred strains of rats (Fischer 344 and Lewis) and two outbred…

Tags: 2000, Animals, Chronic Disease, Crisp T, Cruce W L, Cytokines/physiology, Hyperalgesia/*etiology, Inbred F344, Inbred Lew, Ligation, Lovell J A, Male, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Rats, Sciatic Nerve/physiology, Species Specificity, Sprague-Dawley, Stuesse S L, Wistar

Secure cranial-mount intrathecal cannulation - a spinal administration technique in the rat.

In order to identify an acute spinally mediated pharmacological effect of a bioactive substance, without incurring untoward supraspinal effects, it is necessary to administer the agent locally onto the spinal cord. The procedure delineated herein…

Tags: 2000, Analgesics, Anesthesia, Animals, Crisp T, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Injections, Journal of neuroscience methods, Microinjections, Morphine/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Rats, Schechter J B, Spinal Cord/*physiology, Spinal/*instrumentation, Sprague-Dawley, Stereotaxic Techniques/*instrumentation

Lesions of the basolateral amygdala abolish the ability of drug associated cues to reinstate responding during withdrawal from self-administered cocaine.

This study investigated the ability of bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to disrupt cocaine self-administration, responding during extinction sessions, and stimulus cued recovery of extinguished responding in rats. BLA…

Sensory nerves and neuropeptides in uterine cervical ripening.

At the time of parturition (fetal delivery) the uterine cervix must "ripen," becoming soft, pliable, and dilated to accommodate the fetus' delivery. The fundamental processes underlying cervical ripening remain poorly understood. Knowledge that…

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-receptor component protein expression in the uterine cervix, lumbosacral spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia.

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may play a role in neurogenic inflammation, tissue remodeling of the uterine cervix, promoting vasodilation, parturition, and processing of sensory information in the spinal cord.…

Tags: 2002, Animals, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/*biosynthesis/immunology/metabolism, Cervix Uteri/*metabolism, Dickerson I M, Female, Ganglia, Lumbosacral Region, Papka R E, Peptides, Pokabla M J, Rats, Receptors, Spinal Cord/*metabolism, Spinal/*metabolism, Sprague-Dawley, Uterus/metabolism

Substance P in the uterine cervix, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord during pregnancy and the effect of estrogen on SP synthesis.

Prior to parturition the non-pliable uterine cervix undergoes a ripening process ("softens" and dilates) to allow a timely passage of the fetus at term. The exact mechanism(s) triggering and involved in cervical ripening are unknown, though evidence…

Castration increases nisoxetine-evoked norepinephrine levels in vivo within the olfactory bulb of male rats.

In the present experiment we compared differences in extracellular norepinephrine levels in vivo within the olfactory bulb of intact and castrated male rats following infusion of the norepinephrine transport inhibitors, nisoxetine and tomoxetine.…

Estrogen differentially modulates nicotine-evoked dopamine release from the striatum of male and female rats.

In the present experiment we examined the effects of an in vitro infusion of nicotine (10 microM) upon dopamine release from superfused striatum of castrated male and female rats treated or not treated with estrogen. Estrogen exerted bidirectional…

Tags: 1997, Anderson L I, Animals, Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism, Estradiol/*pharmacology, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Kinetics, Male, Neuroscience letters, Nicotine/*pharmacology, Orchiectomy, Ovariectomy, Rats, Sex Characteristics, Sprague-Dawley

Orphan nuclear receptor oestrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma) plays a key role in hepatic cannabinoid receptor type 1-mediated induction of CYP7A1 gene expression.

Bile acids are primarily synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and have important roles in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol homoeostasis. Detailed roles of the orphan nuclear receptors regulating cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1),…

Tags: 2015, Animals, bile acid, Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism, Cannabinoid, cannabinoid receptors, CB1/agonists/genetics/*metabolism, Cells, Chiang John Y L, Choi Hueng-Sik, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*biosynthesis/genetics, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), Cultured, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Drug Inverse Agonism, Estrogen/genetics/*metabolism, Ethanol/pharmacology, Gene Expression, Genetic, Glycerides/pharmacology, GSK5182, HEK293 Cells, Hepatocytes/metabolism, Humans, Inbred C57BL, Jeong Won-Il, Kim Don-Kyu, Kim Seong Heon, Knockout, Lee Chul-Ho, Lee In-Kyu, Lee Ji-Min, Liver/*metabolism, Mice, NEOMED College of Medicine, oestrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma), orphan nuclear receptor, Park Seung Bum, Promoter Regions, Rats, Receptor, Receptors, small heterodimer partner (SHP), Sprague-Dawley, The Biochemical journal, Transcription, Zhang Yaochen

Bcl-2 positively regulates Sox9-dependent chondrocyte gene expression by suppressing the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein that has recently been shown to regulate other cellular functions. We previously reported that Bcl-2 regulates chondrocyte matrix gene expression, independent of its anti-apoptotic function. Here, we further…

Tags: *Gene Expression Regulation, 2005, Adenoviridae/genetics, Animals, Apoptosis, beta-Galactosidase/metabolism, Blotting, Butadienes/pharmacology, Caspase Inhibitors, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Chondrocytes/*metabolism, Collagen Type II/metabolism, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Down-Regulation, Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology, Fibroblasts/metabolism, Fluorescence, Genetic, High Mobility Group Proteins/*metabolism, Horton Walter E Jr, Lac Operon, Luciferases/metabolism, MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/*metabolism, McBurney Denise, Messenger/metabolism, Microscopy, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/*metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/*metabolism, NEOMED College of Medicine, NF-kappa B/metabolism, Nitriles/pharmacology, Phenotype, Phosphorylation, Promoter Regions, Protein Kinase C-alpha, Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors, Proteoglycans/metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism, Rats, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Signal Transduction, Small Interfering/metabolism, SOX9 Transcription Factor, Sprague-Dawley, The Journal of biological chemistry, Time Factors, Transcription, Transcription Factors/*metabolism, Transfection, Western, Yagi Rieko

Pomegranate exerts chemoprevention of experimentally induced mammary tumorigenesis by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States and discovery and development of safe chemopreventive drugs is urgently needed. The fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum) is gaining importance because of…

Pomegranate-mediated chemoprevention of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis involves Nrf2-regulated antioxidant mechanisms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers, has shown an alarming rise in the USA. Without effective therapy for HCC, novel chemopreventive strategies may effectively circumvent the current morbidity and mortality.…

Selective Targeting of Heme Protein in Cytochrome P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthase by Diphenyleneiodonium.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes mediate mixed-function oxidation reactions important in drug metabolism. The aromatic heterocyclic cation, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), binds flavin in cytochrome P450 reductase and inhibits

Hyperammonaemia-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction results in cataplerosis and oxidative stress.

KEY POINTS: Hyperammonaemia occurs in hepatic, cardiac and pulmonary diseases with increased muscle concentration of ammonia. We found that ammonia results in reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, electron transport chain complex I…

Tags: *ammonia, *ATP, *cellular respiration, *cirrhosis, *Mitochondria, *Oxidative Stress, *portacaval anastamosis, *Reactive oxygen species, *skeletal muscle, 2016, Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism, Aged, Allawy Allawy, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Respiration, Creatine Kinase/metabolism, Dasarathy Srinivasan, Davuluri Gangarao, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Female, Flask Chris A, Hoppel Charles, Humans, Hyperammonemia/*metabolism, Kasumov Takhar, Kumar Avinash, Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle/*metabolism, Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism, NAD/metabolism, NEOMED College of Pharmacy, Rats, Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism, Rennison Julie H, Sandlers Yana, Singh Dharmvir, Skeletal/*metabolism, Sprague-Dawley, Thapaliya Samjhana, The Journal of physiology, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism, Van Wagoner David R

Local modulation of adrenergic responses in the hindlimb vasculature of the intact conscious rat.

1. Local modulation of adrenergic responses was examined in the hindlimb vasculature of chronically instrumented intact conscious rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 22) were instrumented with a Doppler flow probe around the right common iliac artery, a…

Tags: 1995, Adrenergic Agonists/*pharmacology, Animals, Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Chen C Y, Collins H L, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology, DiCarlo S E, Female, Hemodynamics/*drug effects/physiology, Hindlimb/*blood supply/drug effects/metabolism, Indomethacin/pharmacology, Male, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors, Patil R D, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, The Journal of physiology

Hyperglycemia enhances function and differentiation of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts.

Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can eventually cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are the critical mediators of physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling; however, the…

Physiology laboratory experience for high school students.

Recently, we were charged with providing a learning opportunity for high school students participating in the Upward Bound Regional Math and Science Program, a program designed to stimulate interest in mathematics and science for students from…

Tags: *Laboratories, 1993, Adolescent, Animals, Collins H L, DiCarlo S E, Dissection, Female, Humans, Male, Muscles/physiology, Ohio, Physiology/*education/instrumentation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Teaching/methods, The American journal of physiology

Impact of type 1 diabetes on cardiac fibroblast activation: enhanced cell cycle progression and reduced myofibroblast content in diabetic myocardium.

Diabetic patients are prone to developing myocardial fibrosis and suffer from decreased wound healing capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes alters cardiac fibroblast activity in the myocardium in a 6-wk…

Sexual dimorphism in prostanoid-potentiated vascular contraction: roles of endothelium and ovarian steroids.

The effects of constrictor prostanoid (CP) pathway inhibitors on vascular reactivity to vasopressin (VP) and phenylephrine (PE) were examined in thoracic aortas of male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Maximal contractile…

Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling.

Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and differentiation into hypersecretory myofibroblasts can lead to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cardiac fibrosis. In turn, the ECM produced can potentially activate CFs via distinct…

Inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation by resveratrol.

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) regulate myocardial remodeling by proliferating, differentiating, and secreting extracellular matrix proteins. Prolonged activation of CFs leads to cardiac fibrosis and reduced myocardial contractile function. Resveratrol…

Tags: 2005, 70-kDa/metabolism, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Angiotensin II/pharmacology, Animals, Antioxidants/*pharmacology, Bomser Joshua A, Cell Differentiation/drug effects, Cell Division/drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Drug Interactions, Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology, Fibroblasts/*cytology/*drug effects, Male, Meszaros J Gary, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism, Myocardium/*cytology, Naugle Jennifer E, NEOMED College of Medicine, Olson Erik R, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism, Rats, Resveratrol, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, Signal Transduction/drug effects, Sprague-Dawley, Stilbenes/*pharmacology, Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology, Zhang Xiaojin

Acute exercise enhances nitric oxide modulation of vascular response to phenylephrine.

The influence of the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) on the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine (PE) was evaluated before and after a single bout of dynamic exercise. Each rat ran on a motor-driven treadmill at

Daily spontaneous running did not alter vagal afferent reactivity.

Exercise training alters the cardiopulmonary baroreflex regulation of the circulation; however, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. One possibility is an enhanced afferent response to cardiopulmonary stimulation. We therefore tested the…

Role of endothelium in sexual dimorphism in vasopressin-induced contraction of rat aorta.

In rat thoracic aorta, contractile responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP) are twofold higher in females than in males. To determine the role of the endothelium in this phenomenon, the effects of endothelium removal and inhibition of nitric oxide…

Daily spontaneous running attenuated the central gain of the arterial baroreflex.

Exercise training attenuates arterial baroreflex function. Mechanisms responsible may include an attenuated aortic baroreceptor reactivity (afferent mechanisms) and/or an attenuated central baroreflex gain. We tested the hypothesis that the aortic…

Tags: 1995, Animal, Animals, Arteries/*physiology, Baroreflex/*physiology, Brain/*physiology, Chen C Y, DiCarlo S E, Female, Male, Motor Activity/*physiology, Physical Conditioning, Rats, Scislo T J, Sprague-Dawley, The American journal of physiology

Daily exercise and gender influence arterial baroreflex regulation of heart rate and nerve activity.

The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) and gender on the arterial baroreflex regulation of heart rate (HR) and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) was examined in 13 male [7 sedentary (SED) and 6 DSR] and 12 female (6 SED and 6 DSR)…

Tags: *Physical Conditioning, *Sex Characteristics, 1996, Animal, Animals, Arteries/*physiology, Baroreflex/*physiology, Chen C Y, DiCarlo S E, Female, Heart Rate/*physiology, Lumbosacral Region, Male, Rats, Rest, Sprague-Dawley, Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology, The American journal of physiology

Impaired alveolar liquid clearance after 48-h isoproterenol infusion spontaneously recovers by 96 h of continuous infusion.

We previously demonstrated that 48-h isoproterenol (Iso) infusion in rats impaired the ability of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) agonists to increase alveolar liquid clearance (ALC). In this study, we determined whether this impairment persisted over…

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