Browse Items · NEOMED Bibliography Database

α-Synuclein Oligomers Induce Glutamate Release from Astrocytes and Excessive Extrasynaptic NMDAR Activity in Neurons, Thus Contributing to Synapse Loss.

Synaptic and neuronal loss are major neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). Misfolded protein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies, comprised mainly of α-synuclein (αSyn), are associated with disease progression, and have…

Tags: 2021, Akhtar MW, Bodhinathan K, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Eisele YS, February 2021 List, Ghatak S, journalArticle, Kelly JW, Lipton SA, Lynch WP, NEOMED College of Medicine, neuron loss, Piña-Crespo JC, Sanz-Blasco S, synapse loss, Talantova M, The Journal of Neuroscience, Trudler D

Why Is a Child Not a Miniadult for Infections?

The presentation of an infectious disease in a child is likely to differ from an adult and will differ at different ages of the child. In addition to differences in immune response, there are significant differences in anatomy, physiology,…

Tags: 2021, Chappell MT, Children, COVID-19, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Immunology, Infectious disease, Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, journalArticle, June 2021 List, Kelly C, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rosenthal KS

Why Don't We Have a Vaccine Against Autoimmune Diseases? - A Review

This review examines some of the reasons why we don't have a vaccine against autoimmune diseases and highlights the progress that has been made. Many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes…

Tags: 2019, Autoimmune, Carambula Roy, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, immunotherapy, Journal of clinical & cellular immunology, Multiple sclerosis, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rosenthal Ken S, September 2019 Update, Type 1 diabetes, Vaccine, Zimmerman Daniel H

Vitamin B12 protects against superoxide-induced cell injury in human aortic endothelial cells.

Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) is implicated in inflammatory states including arteriosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cobalamin (Cbl) supplementation is beneficial for treating many inflammatory diseases and also provides protection in…

Vascular precursor cells in tissue injury repair.

Vascular precursor cells include stem cells and progenitor cells giving rise to all mature cell types in the wall of blood vessels. When tissue injury occurs, local hypoxia and inflammation result in the generation of vasculogenic mediators which…

Utility of specific amino acid ratios in screening for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies and other mitochondrial disorders associated with congenital lactic acidosis and newborn screening prospects.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies (PDCDs) and other mitochondrial disorders (MtDs) can (a) result in congenital lactic acidosis with elevations of blood alanine (Ala) and proline (Pro), (b) lead to decreased ATP production, and (c) …

Uterine cervix adenocarcinoma with both human papillomavirus type 18 and tumor suppressor gene p53 mutation from a woman having an intact hymen.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 DNA was found in an aggressively invasive adenocarcinoma tumor from a woman who had an intact hymen and denied any prior sexual intercourse. The viral DNA was detected within the tumor tissue by polymerase chain…

Upregulation of thrombospondin-1 expression by leptin in vascular smooth muscle cells via JAK2- and MAPK-dependent pathways.

Hyperleptinemia, characteristic of diabetes and a hallmark feature of human obesity, contributes to the increased risk of atherosclerotic complications. However, molecular mechanisms mediating leptin-induced atherogenesis and gene expression in…

Unique N-linked glycosylation of CasBrE Env influences its stability, processing, and viral infectivity but not its neurotoxicity.

The envelope protein (Env) from the CasBrE murine leukemia virus (MLV) can cause acute spongiform neurodegeneration analogous to that induced by prions. Upon central nervous system (CNS) infection, Env is expressed as multiple isoforms owing to…

Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets.

Diabetes and obesity have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Primary bile acids are synthesized in hepatocytes and are transformed to secondary bile acids…

Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

Diabetes and obesity have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Primary bile acids are synthesized in hepatocytes and are transformed to secondary bile…

Tags: 2019, Bile Acids and Salts, Chiang John Y L, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, Ferrell Jessica M, G-protein-coupled, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, June 2019 Update, NEOMED College of Medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Receptors

Uncovering dysregulated micro-rna expression in senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells: Impacts on cellular communication and vascular aging

Vascular aging is highly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence is one of its key contributors. However, intracellular and extracellular signaling and communication of senescent VSMCs…

Tags: 2020, Chilian W, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Faseb Journal, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nguyen DDN, Pung Y, September 2020 List

Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling.

Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and differentiation into hypersecretory myofibroblasts can lead to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cardiac fibrosis. In turn, the ECM produced can potentially activate CFs via distinct…

TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) deficiency protects APOE(-/-) mice against leptin-induced atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperleptinemia, hallmark of obesity, is a putative pathophysiologic trigger for atherosclerosis. We previously reported a stimulatory effect of leptin on TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) expression, a proatherogenic matricellular protein …

TRPV4 deletion protects heart from myocardial infarction-induced adverse remodeling via modulation of cardiac fibroblast differentiation.

Cardiac fibrosis caused by adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction can eventually lead to heart failure. Although the role of soluble factors such as TGF-beta is well studied in cardiac fibrosis following myocardial injury, the…

TRPV4 channels regulate tumor angiogenesis via modulation of Rho/Rho kinase pathway.

Targeting angiogenesis is considered a promising therapy for cancer. Besides curtailing soluble factor mediated tumor angiogenesis, understanding the unexplored regulation of angiogenesis by mechanical cues may lead to the identification of novel…

TRPV4 channels mediate cardiac fibroblast differentiation by integrating mechanical and soluble signals.

The phenotypic switch underlying the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into hypersecretory myofibroblasts is critical for cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Myofibroblasts facilitate wound repair in the myocardium by secreting…

TRPV4 channel activation selectively inhibits tumor endothelial cell proliferation.

Endothelial cell proliferation is a critical event during angiogenesis, regulated by both soluble factors and mechanical forces. Although the proliferation of tumor cells is studied extensively, little is known about the proliferation of tumor…

Trivalent chromium inhibits TSP-1 expression, proliferation, and O-GlcNAc signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to high glucose in vitro.

Trivalent chromium (Cr(3+)) is a mineral nutrient reported to have beneficial effects in glycemic and cardiovascular health. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that Cr(3+) supplementation reduces the atherogenic potential and lowers the risk of…

Tags: 2015, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, Aorta/drug effects/metabolism, Cell Proliferation/*drug effects/genetics, Cells, Chavez Ronaldo J, Chromium/*pharmacology, Cultured, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Fructosephosphates/metabolism, Ganguly Rituparna, Genetic/drug effects/genetics, Glucose/*metabolism, Glutamine/genetics, Glycosylation/drug effects, Hexosamines/metabolism, Humans, Hyperglycemia/metabolism, Muscle, Myocytes, N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics, NEOMED College of Medicine, O-glycosylation, Promoter Regions, Raman Priya, reactive oxygen species, Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism, Sahu Soumyadip, Signal Transduction/*drug effects/genetics, Smooth, Smooth Muscle/*drug effects/metabolism, Thrombospondin 1/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics, thrombospondin-1, Transcription, trivalent chromium, vascular smooth muscle cells, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism

Translational Implications of the Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes, Including Cytochrome P450-2E1, in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease.

Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinogenesis. Many clinically used drugs or…

Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel regulates fibroblast differentiation and airway remodeling by modulating redox signals through NADPH oxidase 4.

Asthma is characterized by pathological airway remodeling resulting from persistent myofibroblast activation. Although transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), mechanical signals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in fibroblast…

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel deletion regulates pathological but not developmental retinal angiogenesis.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are mechanosensitive ion channels that regulate systemic endothelial cell (EC) functions such as vasodilation, permeability, and angiogenesis. TRPV4 is expressed in retinal ganglion cells,…

Transgenic expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice.

UNLABELLED: Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway that converts cholesterol into bile acids in the liver. Recent studies have shown that bile acids may play an important role in…

Transcriptional regulation of the human sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP8B1): roles of heaptocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in mediating bile acid repression.

Sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase catalyzes the synthesis of cholic acid and controls the ratio of cholic acid over chenodeoxycholic acid in the bile. Transcription of CYP8B1 is inhibited by bile acids, cholesterol, and insulin. To study the mechanism of…

Transcriptional regulation of the human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A) in HepG2 cells.

A stable HepG2 cell line harboring a human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A) minigene/luciferase reporter gene construct was selected for studying transcriptional regulation of CYP7A gene promoter. Insulin and phorbol

Transcriptional regulation of human oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase by sterol response element binding protein.

Oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) metabolizes oxysterols, potent regulators of lipid homeostasis. Very little is known about transcriptional regulation of human CYP7B1. The present results indicate that sterol response element binding protein…

Transcriptional regulation of human oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7B1) by Sp1.

Oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of oxysterols and neurosterols and plays a role in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway. This gene is widely expressed in many organs and peripheral tissues and may protect tissues from the…

Transcriptional activation of the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A) by nuclear hormone receptors.

The gene encoding cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, is transcriptionally regulated by bile acids and hormones. Previously, we have identified two bile acid response elements (BARE) in the…

Tags: *Receptors, *Transcriptional Activation, 1998, Animals, Base Sequence, Bile Acids and Salts/biosynthesis, Chiang J Y, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*genetics, COUP Transcription Factor II, COUP Transcription Factors, Crestani M, Cultured, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*physiology, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism, DNA/metabolism, Galli G, Genes, Genetic, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4, Hormones/*physiology, Journal of lipid research, Luciferases/genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nucleic Acid, Oligonucleotide Probes/metabolism, Phosphoproteins/metabolism, Promoter Regions, Rats, Receptors, Repetitive Sequences, Reporter, Retinoic Acid/metabolism, Retinoid X Receptors, Sadeghpour A, Site-Directed, Steroid, Stroup D, Transcription Factors/metabolism, Tumor Cells

Thrombospondin-4 mediates TGF-beta-induced angiogenesis.

TGF-beta is a multifunctional cytokine affecting many cell types and implicated in tissue remodeling processes. Due to its many functions and cell-specific effects, the consequences of TGF-beta signaling are process-and stage-dependent, and it is not…

Three properties of SARS-COV-2 that promote COVID-19

ABSTRACT: Much of COVID-19 disease can be attributed to the stable structure of the envelope, which facilitates its transmission; the spike protein and its receptor which determine which tissues get infected and are susceptible to viral and immune…

Tags: 2020, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rosenthal KS, September 2020 List

The versatility and paradox of GDF 11.

In addition to its roles in embryonic development, Growth and Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF 11) has recently drawn much interest about its roles in other processes, such as aging. GDF 11 has been shown to play pivotal roles in the rescue of the…

The role of TRPV4 channels in ocular function and pathologies.

Transient potential receptor vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is an ion channel responsible for sensing osmotic and mechanical signals, which in turn regulates calcium signaling across cell membranes. TRPV4 is widely expressed throughout the body, and plays an…

The role of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in Alzheimer's Disease

Tags: 2020, Boehme S, Chiang JYL, Dengler-Crish CM, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ferrell JM, Gilliland T, Gonzalez FJ, Hepatology, journalArticle, Lin Li, NEOMED College of Medicine, NEOMED College of Pharmacy, October 2020 List, Takahashi S

The role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species in coronary collateral growth.

Coronary collateral growth is a process involving coordination between growth factors expressed in response to ischemia and mechanical forces. Underlying this response is proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, resulting in an…

The Role of Kv1.2 Channels in Coronary Metabolic Dilation

Tags: 2019, Chilian William, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Enrick Molly, Faseb Journal, Hakobyan Tatevik, Kolz Christopher L, NEOMED College of Medicine, Ohanyan Vahagn, Shockling Lindsay, Yin Liya

The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner is required for thiazolidinedione effects in leptin-deficient mice.

BACKGROUND: Small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) is involved in diverse metabolic pathways, including hepatic bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and has been implicated in effects on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma…

The opposing effects of retinoic acid and phorbol esters converge to a common response element in the promoter of the rat cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A).

The activity of the rat CYP7A/luciferase reporter gene was increased five-fold by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) or 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) in transient transfection assay in HepG2 cells. Cotransfection with retinoid X receptor (RXR) stimulated…

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